Ignition device for internal-combustion engines



F. C. M. CESBRON.

lGNlTlON DEVICE FOR INTERNAL GDMBUSTION ENGINES.

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F. C. M. CESBRON. IGNITION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27, I9 I9.

Patented Nov. 30, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

InvenZZn Fabien 63M 6mm.

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IGNITION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27. 1919.

1,360,885, Patented Nov. 30, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

' MARIE OESBRON, residing at Vitry-sur-Seine PATENT OFFICE.

FABIEN CHARLES MARIE GESBRON, OF VITRY-SUR-SEINE, FRANCE.

IGNITION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

"Specification of Letters Patent. Patented NOV. 30, 1920.

Application filed March 27, 1919. Serial No. 285,673.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, FABIEN CHARLES 7 Seine, 9 Rue du Chateau, in the Republicoii France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ignition Devices for InternalCombustion Engines, and do 'hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionoi' the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. 7

This invention relates to ignition devices for internal-combustion engines, and consists of a metallic ignition member arranged within, and thermally insulated from, the

cylinder, and which, after being initially rendered incandescent, is maintained in that condition by the heat of the successive combustions. V

Referring to the accompanying drawings,

' Figure 1 is a sectional elevation showing one form of the device as applied to a single cylinder. Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are sectional elevations showing other'forms of the invention as applied to a single cylinder. Fig. 5

is a detail of the form of the invention shown in Fig. 4. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 show modifications enabling several devices to beapplied simultaneously to a group of cylinders; Figs. 6 and 8 being sectional elevations, and Fig. 7 a plan on a smaller scale; and Figs. 9, 10 and 11 are details, FigsilO and ll'being on a larger scale.

1 is the head of a cylinder 2 provided with a. watenjacket 3 and having cylindrical opening a for the reception of a plug 5 which is forced (as hereinafter set forth) against a gasket 6 interposed between a shoulder 7 on the cylinder head and a corresponding shoulder on the plug 5. A metallic ignition member 8 is carried by the plug 5 by means of a member 9 of heat-insulating material, washers 10 (preferably of the expanding type) and a nut 11. The'plug 5 is preferably closed at its upper end by a screwed plug 12, and a ring 13 is gripped between a shoulder on the plug 5 and'a flange on the member 12. The ring 13 is provided with two sleeve-lugs 14 and 15 adapted to slide respectively on rods 16 and 17 which are preferably screwed into the cylinder head 1, the said ring being provided with a pair of handles 18 and 19. On the handle 18 is pivoted a pawl 20 pressed on by a spring 21 and adapted to engage in a notch 22 in the rod 16 or better still in a ring attached thereon when the whole device is raised as indicated in Fig. 6. The rod 16 is furnished with a nut 23, andthe rod 17 with a nut 24, and the rod 17 is formed with a peripheral ring 25. Between the nut 24. and ring 25 is a crosshead 26 provided with a handle 27, said crosshead being furnished with a recess 28 and adapted to pivot around the rod 17 so that the recess 28 engages the rod 16 under the nut 23. The 'crosshead 26 carries in threaded engagement therewith a is raised, and is drawn to one side of the apparatus by means of the handle 27 of the crosshead .26. The plug 5 is then lifted, by means of the two handles 18 and 19, until the pawl 20 engages in the notch 22. The

,metallic ignition member is then rendered incandescent by any suitable means, for exwhich it is replaced in the cylinder by means of the handles 18 and 19, the pawl 20 having first been released. The crosshead 26 is restored into position, and, by means of the handle 30, the screw 29 is caused to press the plug 5 firmly in the opening 4 in the cylinder head.

It should be noted that the metallic ignition member could be heated electrically without taking it out of the cylinder.

The fuel is then delivered, by means of the injector 32, or injectors, against the ignition member 8, thus effecting, combustion. The heat of combustion is sufficient to keep the ignition member incandescent.

In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 2, the opening 4 in the cylinder head 1 is formed, not with a cylindrical shoulder 7, but with a conical seating 33, machined as well as the corresponding portion of the plug 5. Moreover, the head-insulating member is in the form of a doubly truncated cone.

In Fig. 3, the heat-insulating member is frusto-conical and is held against the plug ample by a burner or an electric heater, after i by means of anut 34 and bow 35, so as to make a tight joint. 7

In the .fQrInof the invention shown in F 1g- '4, the plug 5 and the cylindrical opening4 in the cylinder-head 1 are both formed with interrupted screw threads so as to leave plain sectors alternating with threaded sectors 37 (Fig. 5), the sectors 36 being slightly larger than the sectors 37. Theuppermost thread 38 of the plug 5 is uninterrupted so as to insure thatthe threads on the plug 5 will come into exact position opposite the gaps in the thread of the opening 4. In this case the gasket 6 is of course very thin.

I Tlieplug 12 is preferably constituted by the lower end of a cylindrical rod 3.9 slidable in a sleeve 40 of a supporting rod 41 secured to the cylinder head. A stud 42 carried by the sleeve '40 adapted to project into a longitudinal slot 43 in the rod 39, which slot terminates at its upper end in a slot 44 inclined to the axis of the rod 39to correspond with .the pitch of the threadon the plug 5, while the lower end of'the slot 44 terminates in a semi-circular slot 45.

The ignition member and plug, being in position on the cylinder head, may be withdrawn vby turning the rod 39, by means of theliandle 30, until thethreaded sectors of the plug 5 come opposite the smooth sectors of the opening 4. The longitudinal slot 43 then faces the stud 42, and the whole device can be'disengaged from the cylinder head until the slot 45"comes opposite thestud 42.

Fig. 6 shows a method of applying the device to several cylinders. A shaft 48, ar-

, 2O. On turning the bar 48 in the direction oflthe arrow by means of the handle 49, the fingers 50'hearagainst the ends of the pawls and disengage allthe plugs 26, which can then be brought into positionin the openin s 4 of the cylinder heads 1.

-7 re resents a method of a) lication n P l P enabling all the crossheads 26 to be rotated simultaneously without using the handle 27 of Fig. 1. Each crosshead 26 is provided jwithfa n arm 51 preferably attached to a 7 connecting rod 52 operated, for example, by

a'handle 53. 1 By moving this handle 53 and the rod 52 to -and-fro, all the screws 29 can be moved into or out of position. i The arms- 51 "and the connecting rod 52 may be re-' placed by toothed quadrants secured to the cross heads and engaging with a rack.

i Fig. 8 showshow the Screws 29 which secure the gnition members 8 1n position,

' can be automatically tightened when there "is a plurality of cylinders. WVith this object,

a cy indr cal bQX .54 is n oll e o with 80ft were sett e b ss 5 at the .eqssh ed 2.

The box 54 houses a spiral spring 56 attached on the one hand to the boX and on the other to aring 57 connected by a feather or pin riding in a longitudinal slot inscrew 29, so as" to enable the screw 29 to rise or descend in relation to the ring 57. The spring put under the desired initial tension by turning the box '54 around the screw 29, and when this tension is attained, the box is secured il ihositionbythe screw 58. Under the crosshead 26 a ratchet wheel 59 is connected with the screw 29 by a key and feather. A pawl 60 turning' about a pivot 61 carrie d'by alboss on the crosshead 26 is kept engaged in one ofthe teeth of the ratchet'wheel 59 by the force of a spring (not shown). At the moment whenthe rotation of the crosshead 26, operated bythe connecting rod'52, is'on the point of ceasing n the closingdirection) the free end of the pawl 60 comes in contact with the end ofa spring set pin 62 carried by the ring 25 on the rod 17 the noseofthe pawl then disengaging from the toothofthe ratchet wheel '59, and the screw 29, being released, turns under theaction of the spring 56.. In this way suiiicient force is transmitted to the handle 30 to drive the plug 5ofthe ignition member 8 home into the opening 4 of the cylinder head 1. The pin-62 is housedin a boss63 on the ring 25. It is pressed inthe direction of thearrow, Fig. 10, by a spring 64, and carries atthe enda stud 65 adapted to engage in the recess 66 or the recess 6'7 both provided in the face ofthe boss. These recesses are of different depths, and serve to give the pin 62' two positions: the one in which'the stud '65 being in the recess 67 the-end of the pin62 is in contact with the free end of the pawl 60 and consequently the pawl is out of contact with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 59 (the crosshead 26 being closed) while in the other, the stud being in-the recess 66, the pin 62 does not touch the pawl 60, which remains in engagement with the teeth of the wheel I On turning the handle 30 to release the plng,tension is applied to the spring'56, andthe pawhbeing in engagement with the teeth or" the ratchet wheel 59 because the stud 65 ofthe pin 62 is in the deeper recess 66, opposesany backward rotation of the screw. In this position theappar'atus is ready for action as soon as the crosshead is rotated. (in the closing direction) providedthe pin .62 is placed in such a position thatiitsstnd is in the shallower recess 67. I

1 The device forming t e object of the in- I yention is advantageously usedin internalcombustionengines using heavy hydrocarbons as fuel. The chief advantages of the device are: the possibility of using heavy fuels of 'high' ignition temperature, without using veryr high compression; certainty of u es W h Weak a e the i i in member being maintained at a suificiently high temperature, the heat-insulating member preventing any loss of heat; can ,be run with a full charge without fear of deformation either of the water-cooled cylinder head or of the igniting member which is subjected to equal pressures in opposite directions, contrary to the conditions obtaining in semi- Diesel engines; abolition of the injection of water required, in semi-Diesel engines, to prevent the incandescent member from growing so hot as to cause deformation and even rupture of the cylinder head; great ease in replacing the igniting member.

What I claim is:

1. In an internal-combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, a metallic ignition member arranged inside each cylinder and insulated thermally therefrom, a plug carrying the ignition member, a rod connected to the plug for tightening same on the cylinder head, and means for di sen gaging simultaneously the rod of each cylinder plug. V

2. In an internal combustion engine, an ignition device of the character described including a hollow plug insertible and removable through the cylinder wall and hav ing' a base portion with an opening therethrough, means whereby said plug may be inserted and removed from the cylinder, an ignition member insertible and removable with said plug and adapted to normally occupy a position within the cylinder, a perforated heat insulating member adapted to fit in the opening in the base of said plug, means whereby the heat insulating member may be supported on the base of the plug, a bolt carried by said ignition member and passing through the perforation in the heat insulating member and entering said plug, and eXpansible means associated with said bolt for sustaining the ignition member on said heat insulating member, substantially as described.

3. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder with an opening made through one wall thereof, of a plug fitted in said opening, an ignition member carried by said plug and thermally insulated therefrom, guides on the cylinder, means slidable on said guides and connected to said plug for moving the same into and out of the opening in the cylinder, a cross head movably carried by one guide and having removable connection with the other guide, a rod carried by said cross head and adapted to bind on the plug when in place on the cylinder opening, and means for supporting the plug in a position removed from the opening in the cylinder wall, substantially as described.

4:. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder provided with an opening through one wall thereof, a plug removably fitted in said opening, an ignition member carried by said plug and thermally insulated therefrom, guide rods carried by said cylinder, means carrying said plug and movable on said guide rods, means for engaging one of the guide rods whereby the plug may be held elevated away from the cylinder, a

cross head pivoted on one of said, guide rods and adapted to detachably engage the other of said guide rods, a pressure rod threaded in said cross head and adapted to bear upon said plug, and means to rotate said pressure rod, substantially as described.

In an-internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders provided with openings therein, plugs removably fitted in the openings in the cylinders, ignition members thermally insulated from and carried by the plugs, pairs of guide rods on the cylinders,'means carrying the plugs and slid able on said guide rods, means for holding the plugs in a position withdrawn from the cylinders, swinging cross heads carried by certain of the guide rods and detachably connected with the other of such guide rods, means for simultaneously swinging the cross heads of all of the cylinders, and movable pressure rods carried by said cross heads and adapted to bind the plugs in the cylinders, substantially as described.

6. In an internal-combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, a metallic ignition member arranged inside each cylinder and insulated thermally therefrom, a plug carrying the ignition member and fitted in each cylinder head, a rod cooperating with each plug, and means for automatically tightening the plug home in each cylinder head, said means comprising a spiral spring which causes the rod to rotate quickly.

In testimony whefieof I afiix my signature.

FABIEN CHARLES MARIE CESBRON. 

